Prof. Dr. Emre Sivrikoz

Specialty Area

Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is an endoscopic procedure that allows a detailed examination of the entire large intestine (colon) and rectum using a thin, flexible instrument with a camera at its tip. It is the gold-standard method for early detection and prevention of colon cancer.

Information

What Is a Colonoscopy?

Definition

Colonoscopy is a reliable diagnostic and screening method in which the entire colon is examined with a camera, and polyps can often be removed during the same procedure.

Colonoscopy provides a detailed evaluation of the colon and rectum. Biopsies can be taken from suspicious areas, and in appropriate patients, polyps can be removed in the same session.

Screening and removal of polyps can significantly reduce the risk of developing colon cancer.

Why Is a Colonoscopy Done?

Colonoscopy may be performed for the following reasons:

Main indications

  • Colon cancer screening
  • Blood in stool or rectal bleeding
  • Unexplained anemia
  • Persistent constipation or diarrhea
  • Changes in bowel habits
  • Abdominal pain and bloating

In addition, polyps can be detected and removed during the procedure, which may prevent cancer development.

Who Should Have a Colonoscopy, and When?

Age 50+Screening evaluation even without symptoms.
People with family historyScreening may be planned earlier if there is a family history of colon cancer.
Those with detected polypsFollow-up colonoscopies at regular intervals.
Screening frequency and start age are determined based on individual risk factors.

How to Prepare for a Colonoscopy

Bowel cleansing is essential for a successful colonoscopy.

1 Diet

A mostly liquid diet is usually recommended the day before the procedure.

2 Bowel prep medications

Bowel-cleansing solutions are used as prescribed by your doctor.

3 Fasting

Fasting is generally required on the day of the procedure (per clinic protocol).

Important

  • Inadequate bowel cleansing may require repeating the procedure.
  • Ask your doctor about your medications (including blood thinners) before the exam.

How Is a Colonoscopy Performed?

Procedure flow

  • Usually performed under sedation
  • Takes about 20–30 minutes on average
  • Patients typically do not feel pain during the procedure
  • Same-day discharge is common
  • Biopsy may be taken and/or polyps may be removed if needed

Is Colonoscopy Safe?

Colonoscopy is very safe when performed by experienced clinicians. Rare complications such as bleeding or perforation can occur, but overall rates are low.

After the Procedure

DietYou may return to normal eating the same day (as advised by your doctor).
DrivingDo not drive the same day due to sedation.
If a polyp was removedYou’ll receive additional instructions and a follow-up plan.

Results are usually reviewed shortly after the procedure.

Can Colonoscopy Prevent Colon Cancer?

Yes

  • Detects precancerous polyps early
  • Prevents colon cancer by removing polyps
  • Helps detect early-stage cancers

For this reason, it is one of the most effective tools in preventing and fighting colon cancer.

When Should I See a Doctor?

  • If you have rectal bleeding
  • If anemia is detected
  • If you are over 50 and have never had a colonoscopy
  • If you have a family history of colon cancer
FAQ

Colonoscopy — Frequently Asked Questions (Patient Guide)

The most common questions about colonoscopy, answered briefly and clearly.

A colonoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that examines the entire colon and rectum with a camera.
It’s used to investigate symptoms such as bleeding or bowel habit changes, detect polyps, and screen for colon cancer.
Typically no. It is usually performed under sedation, so most patients do not feel pain during the procedure.
A clean bowel is essential to clearly see polyps and lesions. Poor prep reduces diagnostic quality.
You’ll follow a specific diet and take bowel prep medications. Your doctor will tailor instructions based on your medications.
Yes. Most detected polyps can be removed during the same session.
It is generally very safe. Rarely, bleeding or perforation can occur; overall risks are low.
Do not drive the same day. Mild gas/bloating is common and usually resolves quickly.
For average-risk individuals, it’s often recommended every 10 years starting at age 50. If polyps are found, the interval may be shorter.
Yes. Removing polyps during colonoscopy greatly reduces the risk of colon cancer.
Real Reviews

Patient Information Note

This content is for general informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment are individualized.

Experience

Colonoscopy is one of the few screening methods that can actively prevent colon cancer. Done at the right time, it can be life-saving.

Expertise

Author: Prof. Dr. Emre Sivrikoz, Specialist in General Surgery
Experience in colorectal surgery and endoscopy

Medical Review

Last updated: 02 / 2026

References

  • American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS)
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
  • National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Colonoscopy is the gold standard.

Colonoscopy is the first step for diagnosis and treatment.

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